Python Fundamentals
This section covers the basic principles of Python programming, focusing on the essential concepts of syntax, variables, and operators.
Basic Syntax and Statements
Python is known for its clean and readable syntax. Statements are typically written on a single line, and indentation is used to define blocks of code, such as loops and functions. A hash symbol (#) is used for single-line comments.
Variables and Data Types
Variables in Python are used to store data and do not require explicit declaration. Python supports various data types, including numeric (integers, floats), strings, and booleans.
Operators
Python includes a variety of operators for performing operations on variables and values. These include arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /), comparison operators (==, !=, <, >), and logical operators (and, or, not).
Data Types and Structures
Python provides several built-in data structures to store and organize data efficiently.
Lists
A list is a mutable, ordered collection of items that can be of different data types. Lists are defined by enclosing comma-separated values in square brackets.
Tuples
Tuples are immutable, ordered collections of items. They are similar to lists but cannot be modified after creation. Tuples are defined using parentheses.
Dictionaries
A dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs. Each key must be unique and immutable. Dictionaries are defined with curly braces.
Arrays
Arrays in Python are similar to lists but are constrained to a single data type, making them more space-efficient for large datasets of the same type.
Control Flow
Control flow statements are used to manage the execution order of a program based on certain conditions.
Conditional Statements
Conditional statements like `if`, `elif`, and `else` are used to execute code blocks based on whether a condition is true or false.
Loops
Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly. Python has two main types of loops: `for` loops, which iterate over a sequence, and `while` loops, which continue as long as a condition is true.
Functions and Modules
Functions and modules are essential for organizing and reusing code in Python.
Functions
A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task. Functions are defined using the `def` keyword and can accept arguments and return values.
Modules
A module is a file containing Python code that can be imported into other programs to reuse its functions, classes, and variables. This promotes code organization and reusability.
Exception Handling
Exception handling is a crucial aspect of writing robust Python programs.
Try and Except
The `try...except` block is used to handle errors that may occur during program execution. Code that might raise an exception is placed in the `try` block, and the `except` block contains the code to be executed if an error occurs.
Python Programming Comprehensive Quiz (119 Questions)
Test your knowledge with 119 questions covering all parts of the curriculum, including lecture notes, exams, and problem sheets.